In its ‘Memory of the World’ programme, The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) highlights three fundamental types of heritage which need to be preserved.
First, it is to protect the world' natural and cultural heritages. This can be achieved by protecting historical sites such as Acropolis in Athens or Angkor Wat in Cambodia, preserving artefacts in proper museums which are run by professionals with related training. It is also important to reduce the impacts of disasters to the world natural and cultural heritages. Existing projects include assisting the rehabilitation of the Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries after the earthquake in 2008.
Second, it is to preserve the intangible cultural heritage which includes oral traditions, rituals, social practices, etc. By protecting the cultural heritage, the diversity of human culture across different communities can be maintained despite the trend of globalisation. The preservation of cultural heritage also encourages the transmission of knowledge from one generation to the next, and thus gives us the sense of identity which can lead to social cohesion. The study of the diversified culture also allows the mutual understanding of different people’s ways of life.
Third, it is to archive the documentary heritage. This involves the preservation of documentary heritage which has world significance and to make such heritage accessible to most number of people. Unfortunately, the development of technology may not necessarily help in preserving the heritage at some times. For example, the videotapes used in storing the audio-visual documents can usually survive only for decades. Therefore, we need the appropriate archives management technology and skills to ensure the stability and retrievability of the documentary heritage, especially when facing the rapidly expanding amount of computer-based materials. |